Browsing the forums, development articles and other resource sites raised
an interesting yet recurring question: "How do I test for the Document
Object Model (DOM) employed by a browser?". Strangely enough I was
asking the same question when starting out in Javascript. However, after
enough
time has passed, with the same thing done more than once, I started to
realise that this is a question that begs answering for once and for
all.
A Typical Test
Testing for the DOM in itself is easy enough. A recommended approach is
testing for the support of a DOM, and
not for a browser
version. The following describes Boolean variables that indicates the compliance
to
the DOM methods and parameters that you are targeting:
isIE4 = document.all? true : false;
isIE6 = document.getElementById && document.all ? true : false;
isNS4 = document.layers? true : false;
isNS6 = document.getElementById && !document.all ? true : false; The above items return a set of true or false values for any browser. This
method still requires that you access objects described by the DOM through
that DOM's methods. In the long run the amount of work you have to do
remains more or less the same.
Javasript is an Object Orientated language
Everyone who is familiar with Javascript knows that the language supports
Object Orientation (OO). Passing objects around in variables is nothing
new, so why do people persist in performing lengthy tests for the DOM
each time we need to access an object?
The item which describes the document's
referencing structure is nothing more that an object itself. This means
that you
only need
to perform the test once, and then proceed to use an arbitrary object
that describes
the DOM object throughout the remainder of your script. However, since
this approach would require that you define a variable for each and every
object you will be referencing, we need an approach which is more
robust.
A Compromise
Typically you access objects though the DOM for one of two reasons: Get
a value, or Set a value. Previous approaches require that you access
the object through the DOM methods each and every time you need to perform
some action on the object. The same holds true for every other object
accessed by your script. What we need is a method that will:
- Access the correct DOM using the relevant methods
- Return the object of interest
- Not waste time and patience
A practical approach used by myself is described in a function that returns
your object without any hassles.
function getDOMObject (documentID){
if (isIE4){
return document.all[documentID];
}else if(isIE6){
return document.getElementById(documentID);
}else if (isNS4){
return document.layers[documentID];
}else if (isNS6){
return document.getElementById(documentID);
}
} The above function comprimises by using the typical test defined earlier
to identify our browser DOM, and returns the object identified by its
ID / NAME pair. So whenever you need to do something to an object, this
approach requires that you call the getDOMObeject () function. For example,
the following will set the value attribute of a hypothetical text box
to 'test value'.
getDOMObject('txtMyTextBoxID').value = "Test Value"; The value of this approach comes to the front in scripts where you need
to access multiple objects in your document. For example:
getDOMObject('txtMyTextBoxID1').value = "Test Value 1"; getDOMObject('txtMyTextBoxID2').value = "Test Value 2"; getDOMObject('txtMyTextBoxID3').value = "Test Value 3"; getDOMObject('txtMyTextBoxID4').value = "Test Value 4"; getDOMObject('txtMyTextBoxID5').value = "Test Value 5"; getDOMObject('txtMyTextBoxID6').value = "Test Value 6"; Looks like a lot less work, doesn't it?
About the Author
Riaan Pieterse is the CEO and founder of Kerberos Internet Services CC, South Africa. Having spent a number of years conducting various consulting assignments in the Far East, Middle East, Africa and Europe to businesses and governments alike, Riaan has a solid understanding of the business and technology issues in today's market.
For more information visit
www.kerberosdev.net or
www.kerberosb2b.com
