Dice in various
forms have been around as long as mankind. They are the oldest
known form of gambling. Dice game artifacts have been found in
the tombs of ancient Egypt and Sumeria. The high gate of the
temple of Medinet features a portrayal of King Rameses III (c.
1182-1151 B.C.) playing a dice game with ladies of his harem.
But archeological evidence shows that dice games were played by
peasants as well as pharaohs.
Dice were also very popular in later Greek and Roman times. In
the Bible, Roman soldiers standing guard during Christ's
crucifixion tossed dice to see who could keep His garments.
In ancient times, most dice were made of bones. This is the
origination of the phrase, "rolling the bones." Other materials
used to make dice included marble, onyx, agate, bronze,
alabaster and porcelain. Primitive tribes around the world, from
the American Indian to Africans and South Sea Islanders, have
gambled with dice made of whatever materials were available,
including seashells, seeds, deer horn, pottery and animal teeth.
Square dice like those used today, with the opposite faces
adding up to seven, have been found in the British prehistoric
earthworks of Maiden Castle. They've also been found near Rome,
dating back to around 900 B.C.
Just about as long as dice have existed, so have people who have
tried to cheat using "loaded dice." A loaded die is one that has
been intentionally altered so that it lands most often with a
certain side facing up. Dice can be loaded in many ways,
especially if they aren't transparent. Some simply have weights
added to one side. Some, called "tappers," have a cavity in the
center of the tube that holds a drop of mercury. When the die is
tapped on the table, the mercury moves through a little tube to
another cavity at the side of the cube.
You may have seen gamblers, especially in movies, blowing on
dice or rubbing them together in their hands before throwing
them. The gambler might be using another type of loaded die,
which has inside a small weight and some wax or other semi solid
substance whose melting point is a little lower than the
temperature of the human body. When the gambler rubs or blows on
the die, it causes the wax to melt and the weight to move,
making the die land with the selected side facing up.
Today, it's very unlikely that you'll find loaded dice in
reputable betting establishments because they use transparent
acrylic dice, which are difficult to alter.
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